(Developmental State with Sudanese Characteristics (1 ) - Dr.. Ali Mohamed Osman Al-Iraqi

(Developmental State with Sudanese Characteristics (1
                       Dr.. Ali Mohamed Osman Al-Iraqi
This concept was applied to Hong Kong and Singapore, and China, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Taiwan, with different systems and political philosophy in these models, came from socialism to radicalism, all spent in the active role and clear intervention of the government. In economic activity
* All success stories in East Asia confirm that the state has an important role in economic activity, but the question arises about the size and extent of the role on the form of relations between the government and the private sector. Johnson (1982) was the first to launch the term "capitalist state of development" on Asian experiences and defined its features as a country characterized by a high rate of growth and administrative political arrangements focused on industrialization and promotion of competitive advantage and management of highly qualified bureaucracy and high efficiency
 In this model, attention is drawn to the relationship between the political and the bureaucratic. Political parties exist and compete in the elections, but the country effectively governs and manages the bureaucracy, while the role of politicians is limited to the harmonization of legislation and the legitimization of the actions and actions of the bureaucratic elite
* The development state is not only an economic concept, but also a comprehensive perspective and approach in the political economy. The consensus of the society and its agreement on reasonable limits of national goals is the most important characteristic of the development country. It is worth mentioning in this context the behavior and commitment of the Koreans to give the government part of their savings during the economic crisis.
* The development state is concerned with launching and monitoring the transformation of people's lives instead of being friendly to the market and as the country is friendly to development, this development shifts attention from focusing on growth to focusing on human development.
 The Asian model in the development state has the following pillars
 Government-oriented development.
 Integration with the global market means a goal in itself
 Imports are restricted to domestically produced goods
Export support
Direct exchange rate to serve export
Partnerships with foreign investment to ensure increased cleaning and capacity building of citizens.
 Agreements with foreign companies to obtain licenses and patent rights to guarantee the transfer of technology.
The commitment of foreign companies to maintain a significant percentage of profits in order to finance national projects.
* The main objective is to keep the sovereign government on its national economy and ensure the commitment of national and foreign money to implement the goals set by the government.
* The difference in Asia's experiences from South America, where the first was characterized by the existence of serious governments, clear strategies and organized specific relations between the bureaucratic parties and the military. In South America, these components were absent and when foreign investment flowed, the country was completely controlled. In some South American countries, Masami has emerged in a post-structural adjustment trend similar to the development model in Asia, emphasizing the need for strategic integration with the global economy. This integration achieves the goal of growth at a faster rate than the disengagement from the world. In order to inflow capital and imported goods and demand the timing of the opening rate on global flows to ensure that they serve the interests of the national economy and destroy it
The South Consensus (the South American Stream and the State Development Models in Asia) stresses that the opening of the market for imported goods must be deliberate and gradual so as not to damage the national facilities. The Southern consensus emphasizes the need for national plans and policies to support and develop the capacities and to address the problems of redistribution. Inclusive and inclusive reform that requires land reform, rural development, financial support and human capacity building.
The African countries have emerged from colonialism and their economic structures are limited and traditional based on the initial resources, which made them vulnerable to the fluctuations of the global market, has seen since the late 1970s a long wave of recession accelerated the intervention of international financial institutions, which provided recipes by the intervention of international financial institutions, In privatization and structural adjustment, etc. As the 1990s began, the situation did not improve, with institutions such as adult governance and the promotion of democracy
Studies show that it is very difficult to transform rental economies that rely on primary resources for manufacturing.
 Perhaps this is the fundamental difference between Asian and African countries. The models of development countries in Asia have been able to shift from agricultural to industrial economies smoothly because they are not dependent on primary resources. This is precisely what has hindered African countries from turning to industrial development
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