alfajr aljadid الفجر الجديد

 Revolution is not the only path to change Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim  In order for the Mahdist revolution to occur - it took more than sixty years (1820-1885) of Turkish mistakes and the accumulation of national resistance - the revolution is not a security - it needs conditions and factors - until the completion of those facts. Social institutions, laws, regulations, and structures express all national pluralism and variance - Change does not necessarily mean revolution, i.e. decisiveness by a knockout blow. There are many forms of change, the most difficult and most painful. Revolution - gradual political, economic, and social reform. Gradual change and transformation - The end of the French Revolution lasted ten years (1789 to 1799) to end The authoritarian monarchy, the republic was established. The socio-political change in the rest of the European continent did not proceed in the same revolutionary direction - with reform, the United Kingdom moved to constitutional mon...

  Images from Google for the events of the Sudanese revolution 2019 Sudan is a two-hundred-year-old state of the oppressive central authority.  Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim The massacres are the history of building the central state in Sudan, which was established on the ruins of regional political entities in the invasion of Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1820 AD. The military character is the only characteristic of the established state in Sudan. The colonial invasion established its state with the power of iron and fire. It is a long path of blood and tears in building the coercive unity of the tyrannical military state throughout the eras (Turkish "1821-1885" and Mahdist "1885-1898" and the condominium "1899-1956" and the post-colonial state" 1956 - 2019”) is the continuation of sorrows, tragedies, massacres, and organized state violence against the defenseless people - for the benefit of the dominant minority - the maker of production and life. This bloody...

Marxism and globalization (3) Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim   Marx's Theory and the Globalized Economy:  The Marxist theory spoke in the Communist Manifesto about the embryonic seeds of globalization in the beginnings of the creation of the capitalist system, then the wheels turned and achieved rapprochement between peoples, and the world became a tool for communication and communication in the revolution of science and technology that shortened the world. The discovery of America and the circumnavigation of Africa created a new field for the emerging bourgeoisie. The market of India... and China. The colonization of America and the exchange with the colonies, and the increase in the means of exchange and commodities in general, provided new markets... and modern industry. He created the world market for which the discovery of America paved the way for America. And the world market...the bourgeoisie's need for a permanent export of its products, to market them all over the globe...

Marxism and globalization (2) Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim  Perestroika is a step towards globalization.  The ideological conflict between the socialist and capitalist systems reached the point of coexistence in the theses of the Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party at the Twentieth Congress, where he presented his project (the Peaceful Battle), despite the continuation of the so-called Cold War (1945-1991 AD), whose stage was the newly independent countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. It has made attempts to choose the path of capitalist or socialist development or a combination of the two systems in line with its inherited traditions such as religious and cultural values. Some newly independent countries have sought to assert their ideological identity by building a nation-state. In the shadow of the Cold War, the developing international continued to be threatened by the danger of political or economic dependence. For the great powers, the phenomenon of (dependency...

  Marxism and globalization(1)   Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim  Marxism is a universal theory The political thought of Marx presented a global theory, revealing the unity of human history, and giving a basis for analyzing the diversity and multiplicity of aspects of historical development, as a self-development that determines socio-economic laws of human action. All the formations that humanity has undergone, where the formations were divided into classes. In the course of all history, the links between countries and peoples gradually expanded, so capitalism took the decisive step, eliminating once and for all the isolation of peoples, and dragged them into the common general course of capitalist development. Capitalist competition created colonialism that linked The countries and peoples of the world, and the division of work and trade, creating elements of convergence between societies. A single global market was established, characterized by various relations, and the d...

  The location of Israel from the Russia-NATO war in Ukraine.  Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim  The war in Ukraine expresses the strategic positions of the major powers in world politics to change the balance of power on global and European security issues by making radical breakthroughs in the model of the world order that was formed after the year 1991 AD, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact and the emergence of the unipolarity of the United States of America, which simplifies security in Europe from During the NATO alliance, which the eastern European countries rushed to join, which put Russia in front of geopolitical options, this is why it has been seeking to make breakthroughs, starting with the crisis with Syria and the conflict in Crimea in 2014 AD, which paved the way for the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 AD. The globalized system has fallen, the international trade system has been shaken, the surreal anti-Russian European un...

  Entrance to building the state   Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim State building as a concept and definition associated with the emergence of the modern European nation-state, where the focus is on enforcing the rule of law in society and achieving the stability of authority in society. Charles Neely defined state building: (as a precursor to the emergence of specialized personnel, control of land, loyalty and continuity, the formation of permanent institutions, and an independent central authority that monopolizes the use of violence). According to the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, state-building is comprised of several dimensions and axes that are limited to: (assistance in obtaining new technology, mobilizing resources and directing them to productive sectors, imposing regulations and standards, establishing social pacts, financing work and delivering services). What is common in all the concepts and definitions of national building is related to th...

  A picture reflecting the events of the December 2019 revolution Eastern Sudan is a larger issue than partial solutions. Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim  The issues of war and peace in Sudan since the 1955 Torit protests have been the same issues related to ending "marginalization", ending armed violence by strengthening national unity, upholding the popular will, and democratic transition. The Addis Ababa Agreement of February 27 / 1972 AD between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement was able to achieve regional rule for southern Sudan, and the texts of the agreement were included in the Constitution of Sudan, so it divided Sudan into regions (the southern region, Darfur region, eastern region, Kordofan, the central region, the capital Nationalism), and because the agreement was not achieved by a popular will, national consensus, and popular consensus, it was subjected to holes by “reneging on covenants” and it collapsed, when the central government in Khar...

Political thought in ancient Egypt Humanity knew the Egyptian civilization, the first central government in history, the first unified state, and the first national army that was formed with the First Dynasty (3200 BC). A wide range of ideas spread in ancient Egypt that dealt with society, power, the life of the ordinary individual, and the playing of priests and sages. A pioneering role in the consolidation of political knowledge, as Will and April Durant reported in the Encyclopedia of Civilization: (The historians of philosophy used to start their story with Greece, and the Indians who think they invented philosophy, and the Chinese who think they have reached the point of perfection, that these and those laugh at the narrowness of our minds We lack, and perhaps we are all wrong in our thinking, and because we do not find among the oldest scattered pieces left by the ancient Egyptians writings that have some connection to moral philosophy. Political thought in ancient Egypt was embo...