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Katherine Johnson with an adding machine and a ‘celestial training device’ at her desk at Nasa’s Langley research centre in 1962. Photograph: Donaldson Collection/Getty Images Katherine Johnson obituary African-American mathematician who played a key role in landing men on the moon It was not the most arresting of titles: in 1959 the African-American mathematician Katherine Johnson, who has died aged 101, completed a paper entitled Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position. Thus did she become the first woman to have a credit on a report published by the flight research division of the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa). Even more significantly, those calculations were at the basis of a crucial part of Johnson’s work for the astronaut John Glenn, when, in 1962, he became the first American to orbit the Earth. “Get the girl,” the astronaut had said, refusing to fly unless Johnson, with her maste...

Katherine Johnson: Hidden Figures Nasa mathematician dies at 101 Pioneering African-American Nasa mathematician Katherine Johnson has died at the age of 101. Nasa announced her death on Twitter, saying it was celebrating her life and honouring "her legacy of excellence that broke down racial and social barriers". Ms Johnson calculated rocket trajectories and Earth orbits for Nasa's early space missions. She was portrayed in the 2016 Oscar-nominated film Hidden Figures. The film tells the story of African-American women whose maths skills helped put US astronaut John Glenn into orbit around the Earth in 1962. Ms Johnson verified the calculations made by new electronic computers before his flight. How black women first started working for Nasa The women who sewed the suits for the space race New female space record for Nasa astronaut Ms Johnson had previously calculated the trajectory for the space flight of Alan Shepard - the first American in space. Such was...

An internal view of the novel "Al-Jinju .. The Earth Screws" by the novelist Abdel Aziz Baraka Sakin  Written by / Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim The Gingu are the product of wars and the destruction of rural societies. This collapse and destruction accompanies the loss of man’s social environment and he is forced to migrate internally for life. The Gongo found on the Sudanese-Ethiopian border an appropriate climate to work as a measure of agricultural workers in harvest operations. Safna, historically considered the most important grazing belts that extend the width of the continent of Africa from the coast of the eastern Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of the Western Red Sea, due to changing climate and environmental conditions and the outbreak of conflicts and wars, which weakened the grazing profession and helped in the disintegration and collapse of environments In this way, this human mixture, which is inconsistent and heterogeneous, gathered in the rainfed area in the ea...

Building a novel "Shouq Al-Darwish" by the novelist Hamour Ziyada  Written by / Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim The controversy raised by this narrator due to the sensitivity of its handling of the topic of historical events related to a set of facts that compels us to look at it from within to identify the techniques of novel writing used by the novelist Hammour in addition to his greatness. The current of consciousness has advanced techniques in creative writing. In its creative construction, the technique of multiple, interlaced temporal description, historical social time, psychological time, and internal (superstitious) time appears. All these times are combined in the novel "Longing the Darwish", which shows more than a narrative vision of the beauty of aesthetics and amazement. The historical time is usually characterized by the structure of the traditional novel in which time comes as a logical sequence and the novelist used it with skill that liberated hist...

South Sudan President Silva Kiir asks forgiveness from the opposition leader During the performance of the opposition leader in South Sudan, Rick Machar sworn in as vice-president Silva Kiir in the capital, Juba, and the two sides agreed to form a government of national unity, Kiir said that he pardoned his opponents, as he called him to forgive him, calling on the people of the country to forgive. Silva Kiir said: "I have pardoned my brother Dr. Riek Machar, Senior Vice President of the Republic of South Sudan, and I also ask him to forgive me, and I invite all people in South Sudan to forgive one another." The priority of security and human rights In international reactions, a statement by the European Union indicated that there are major challenges and obstacles that must be overcome, especially the transitional security arrangements. For his part, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Filippo Grandi, declared that millions of southern Sudanese, includin...

The definition of the novel "Al-Jinju .. the screws of the earth" - by the novelist Abdel Aziz Baraka Sakin  Written by / Hatem Babiker Awad Al-Karim The novel "Al-Jinju .. The Nails of the Earth" was shown by the Al-Tayeb Salih Prize for the Creative Novelist, held by the Abdul Karim Mirghani Cultural Center. The competition for novelist novelism is held to commemorate the Sudanese international novelist, Al-Tayeb Saleh, who authored the wonderful "Season of Migration to the North". "Gongo ... Earth Screws" won the award in 2009. The novel was subjected to a ban on its publication in Sudan by order of censorship, with information related to a formal and superficial appraisal, assuming the novel "offends public modesty" and that it carries with it the popular language in its chains. There are those who believed that the novel dealt with sex and politics, and that its board was full of "anxious silence" in the prevailing cu...

Behavior building Umama Hassan Abdullah Al-Turabi Human beings meet at any official or customary level, setting themselves laws, rules and provisions that regulate their behavior in their interactions with each other and with their environment. Laws differ between formal and written laws and legislations that have administrative systems within the systems of government that are based on their application and care for their enforcement, and customary rules and rules that people know and compose in their small or large societies and on which the whole society is established, established, nurtured and applied. There is hardly any law without punitive procedures that criminalize some behaviors and punish them with what was agreed upon so that the specific and defective behavior does not spread in the particular community based on the idea that the punishment in whatever form is a deterrent to the person against it and to others so that they do not think about doing the same. The effect...